New Zealand Research

National Year 10 ASH Snapshot Survey, 1999-2007:Trends in
tobacco use by students aged 14-15 years
Janine Paynter. On behalf of Action on Smoking and Health, Health Sponsorship Council and the Ministry of Health

Family influences, acculturation and the prevalence of tobacco smoking among New Zealand youth: findings from a national survey.
Wong, G., Ameratunga, S., Garrett, N., Robinson, E., & Watson, P. (2008). Journal of Adolescent Health ,43(4): 412-416

Attachment to parents, parental tobacco smoking and smoking among Year 10 students in the 2005 New Zealand national survey
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (2008)
Volume 32 Issue 4, Pages 348 - 353
"Low parent attachment score is associated with an increased risk of adolescent smoking regardless of ethnicity and parental smoking."

Young people, money, and access to tobacco
Social exchange of cigarettes by youth.
Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 14-December-2007, Vol 120 No 1267

New Zealand needs to try harder to reduce youth smoking rates
The current prevalence of youth smoking in New Zealand, particularly among Maori, should be unacceptable.
Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 12-December-2003, Vol 116 No 1187

Access to tobacco products by New Zealand youth
Encouraging parents to stop smoking may (indirectly) reduce youth smoking through decreasing exposure to secondhand smoke and access to tobacco products.
Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association, 15-April-2005, Vol 118 No 1213

Tobacco Facts 2002 - Youth Smoking
Smoking in young people is a major influence on the future tobacco-related disease burden. The addictive properties of tobacco consumption make quitting difficult. High smoking levels in the young therefore usually translate, as they age, into high smoking levels in the older population.
Ministry of Health

Onset and lifetime use of drugs in New Zealand: Results from Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey 2003-2004
Drug and Alcohol Review, Volume 28, Issue 2 (p 166-174)
This paper reports results for people born in New Zealand, compares age of onset across ethnic groups. Shows that tobacco had been used by 46.2% of the population aged 16-24.

Parental attitudes towads the uptake of smoking by children: Research and methods.
Health Promotion Journal of Australia, v.17, no.2, Aug 2006: 128-133.
Primary determinants of adolescent smoking are peer pressure and parental smoking. Two- thirds of adolescent smoking in New Zealand was explained by parental smoking and other factors under parental control, e.g. pocket money, smoking in the home. Parents believed in the value of a smoke-free lifestyle and wanted to protect their children from smoking. Important strategies to prevent smoking in children may include supporting parents to quit, informing them that discouraging children of any age from smoking can be effective, and providing culturally appropriate education and resources to facilitate parent/child communication about smoking.